Use this tag for any *on-topic* question that (a) involves `R` either as a critical part of the question or expected answer, & (b) is not *just* about how to use `R`.
Usage on CV
R-based questions are frequently migrated between Cross Validated (CV) and Stack Overflow (SO). CV fields questions with statistical content or of statistical interest and SO fields questions of programming and implementation.
Your question belongs on CV when any of the following apply:
You're not sure what the right procedure is to use on your data.
You would like help interpreting and understanding the output of an
Rprocedure.You would like help with producing a certain type of data visualization (or selecting the most appropriate one).
Your question belongs on SO the following applies:
- r is the only applicable tag, i.e. when your question has no statistical content..
R
R is an open source programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is an implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics inspired by Scheme. R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman and is now developed by the R Development Core Team. The R environment is easily extended through a packaging system on CRAN.
As of June 2020, formatting R code has been simplified. For small snippets within text, use backticks, as in `x <- c(1,2)`. For blocks of code, just paste (or type) them in (no initial spaces needed) but precede the block with ``` lang-R and follow it with ```, as in
``` lang-R
for (i in 1:3) {
hist(rnorm(10*i))
}
```
Official CRAN Documentation
Additional free resources include:
- PDF HTML An Introduction to R, a basic introduction for beginners.
- PDF HTML The R Language Definition, a more technical discussion of the R language itself.
- PDF HTML Writing R Extensions, a development guide for R.
- PDF HTML R Data Import/Export, a data import and export guide.
- PDF HTML R Installation , an installation guide (from R source code).
- PDF HTML R Internals, internal structures and coding guidelines.
Free Resources
Free resource materials include:
- Wikibook The R Programming wikibook, a collaborative textbook
- PDF The R Inferno by Patrick Burns
- Try R - A web-based R tutorial
- R by example
- CRAN maintains an extensive list of free contributed documentation in a range of languages.
- The R Journal lists research articles and summaries of major revisions.
We also maintain a list of internet based resources for R on meta.CV here.
Other Resources
Recommended additional R resources include:
- Packages in the standard library
- R mailing lists
- List of CRAN Task Views, summary of useful packages per subject area.
- R chat
- RSeek: a search engine for R
- Cookbook for R: Solutions to common tasks in analyzing data
- Quick-R: accessing the power of R
- What is the most useful R trick?
- ESS - Emacs package for R that makes working with R easy
- RStudio A nice IDE for working with R
- R programming language by wikipedia
- Dataquest: Interactive R courses for data science
Frequently Asked Questions
Lists of frequently asked questions include:
