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Why is it that the っけ suffix / け particle (indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information) can only be attached to a sentence when the sentence itself is a question-sentence?

Because all 10 example usages i see in WWWJDIC does that, hence the question.

Mechanical snail
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Pacerier
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    Please note that the suffix you are referring to, is much more often found as 'っけ', not 'け'. Its most typical use would be [なん/どこ/いつ]だっけ... An obvious rhetorical question... – Dave Jul 12 '11 at 15:54
  • ok. updated question – Pacerier Jul 12 '11 at 16:00

3 Answers3

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Although these sentences are nearly always translated as questions, the (admittedly informal and possibly colloquial) usage of っけ followed by か suggests that there is a difference at least on some level. In my experience, "questions" formed via the っけ particle are often rhetorical -- but just as often, they are interpreted as a request for information.

Basically though, the answer is yes, use of っけ to indicate an attempt to recall information pretty much always turns the sentence into a question.

Edit: Although I believe that this is implicit in my original answer above, I though I would more explicitly answer your question post-edit.

It is not so much that っけ can only be used with questions, but rather that it turns sentences it is used with into a question. For example, consider the following:

  • あなたの名前は何ですか。
  • あなたの名前は何でしたっけ。 (warning: this is probably a bit rude.)

This is an example of っけ being used on a sentence that is a question-form (i.e. it uses an interrogative, in this case 何); but it doesn't have to be, as in the following examples.

  • ここはオハイオ州です。
  • ここはオハイオ州でしたっけ。

In these sentences, っけ is indicating that the speaker cannot recall what state he or she is in; by saying this, he or she is implicitly requesting the listener supply that information, which is to say that っけ is turning the sentence into a question

rintaun
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だっけ denotes a question of the form "(proposed fact) ... is this so?", where (proposed fact) is a fact that the questioner once knew but has since forgotten. It is not rhetorical, at least not in the sense that the questioner (now) knows the answer. The questioner is no longer sure of the answer, and is seeking confirmation.

外国のレストランでのチップって 10% だっけ？ : I forget; is the tip at foreign restaurants 10%?

10% はショボいだろ。 : 10 % is a bit stingy.

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SuperElectric
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    The difference between だったか and だっけ is subtle, but important: the latter implies that at some point, the speaker knew the information, and is trying to recall it; the former doesn't have this implication (and in fact by contrast feels as if they specifically *haven't* ever known it). – rintaun Jul 12 '11 at 17:05
  • @rintaun good catch; edited answer to clarify. – SuperElectric Jul 12 '11 at 20:02
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Since nobody has offered what I consider to be the most straightforward translation for 'っけ', here I go:

When added at the end of a question (usually a rhetoric one), the closest equivalent in English would be to add "... again?" at the end. E.g:

なんですか？　→ What is it?

なんだっけ　→ What is it again?

どこですか？　→ Where is it?

どこだっけ　→ Where is it again?

etc. etc.

(indeed, marking that you are trying to recall something you once knew or were supposed to know)

Just like this "again" in English, 'っけ' is rather colloquial (but not rude).

Update: I thought the connection would be obvious enough, but apparently not for everybody. So let me spell it out: just like saying "where is it again?" or "is it here again?" (with proper raising intonation in both case), you usually need to be asking a question (rhetoric or otherwise) for 'っけ' to make sense.

Dave
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  • This does work a lot of the time, but I'm not really a fan of this kind of universal 1:1 translation, as it tends to lead to repetitive and often awkward translations. ("It can't be helped," anybody?) – rintaun Jul 13 '11 at 00:48
  • This doesn't answer the question Pacerier was asking. – Amanda S Jul 13 '11 at 00:53
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    @Amanda: this says the very exact same thing as the two other answers. And therefore answers Pacerier's question (in so much as a "why does this grammar rule exist" question can be answered)... – Dave Jul 13 '11 at 02:52
  • @rintaun: I never said this was a case of 1:1 translation, nor that other suggestions were in any way wrong. Just that in the vast majority of cases, the *idiomatic* way of saying the same thing in English would be to add 'again' at the end (if anything). It has the added advantage of transparently explaining why you need a question structure in order to use this construct. – Dave Jul 13 '11 at 02:58
  • @Dave "again" as described in your answer misses a large class of usages in Japanese -- specifically, those that do not use "wh-words." e.g. どこだっけ→"Where is it again?" is perfectly acceptable, but I would say that ここだっけ→"It's here again?" is not. "again" used without a wh-word seems to revert to its alternate meaning of repetition. "It's here again?" to me can only mean "something which was here earlier has come here *again*?" Furthermore, situations such as ここだ→ここだっけ show that a question *isn't at all* a prerequisite for using っけ. – rintaun Jul 13 '11 at 03:09
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    @rina: Even in the example ここだっけ？ you could still translate it most idiomatically (IMO) with "again?" You would just say "Where is it again? Here?" Personally I also think "again" is the most idiomatic way to translate this in all examples I can think of. If a "wh-" word is not used but instead the question is っけ？ simply change it to a question word and then put the noun in a separate one-word question of its own, as above. – Zach Jul 13 '11 at 05:15
  • @rintaun: as @zach says: in your example, 'ここだ' *is* a question (not a statement) and the equivalent rhetorical question could very well be translated idiomatically with 'again': "Is it here again?"... I am *not* saying it is a 1:1 translation (these things never are), but I think it is a very helpful way to think about it (in that it goes with the same sentence constructions and matches all examples I can think of)... – Dave Jul 13 '11 at 05:32
  • I think this answer from @Dave does address the question. By explaining what this is used for and how it is used, it allows the user to clear up initial confusion and thereby no longer need to ask this question. – Seralyn Campbell Aug 19 '15 at 04:42