Im just wondering .. Everywhere I see only tables with the Qcritic as the results. Lets say I have a big set of data samples (like 1000 or more). Is then a way of mathematically calculate a Qcritic value? Is there any mathematical formula for Qcritic?
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You can find the formula for estimating them (a cubic regression in $n$, the sample size) in this paper. Dixon's Q is a small sample test: as discussed here and here there are few reasons to use the Q-test and even less when the sample size is that large.
[1]Rorabacher, D.B. (1991) "Statistical Treatment for Rejection of Deviant Values: Critical Values of Dixon Q Parameter and Related Subrange Ratios at the 95 percent Confidence Level". Anal. Chem., 63 (2), 139–146.
