I am revisiting directed acyclic graphs, and my notes from previous courses are pretty bleak. I have made a toy example to try and refresh my memory of conditioning. Consider the following DAG.
DAG 1
If we were interested in the causal effect of a on d, I think that we would then need to condition on c. Based on this previous post, i believe I m correct here, but would like some clarification as the DAG is a bit different.
By looking at the DAG should it be obvious to me which variables we should not condition on if we were interested in the causal effect of a on d?
