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With a simple additive fixed effect one-way classification model, how do you show using matrices,

enter image description here?

Counting degrees of freedom, I understand why n-1, k-1, n-k are there, which are ranks of idempotent matrices. What I couldn't find are the idempotent matrices.

For example, If enter image description here

I have problem from the last term, in making a quadratic form which contains idempotent matrix.

Nekt
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