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Let's suppose that I have a dataset where individual responses to a questionnaire are cross-classified within two grouping variables, G1 and G2.

Based on this very informative post, it seems that cross-classified models cannot be tested in lme4 if the G1 labels are all uniquely coded (e.g., if there are 10 different groups and they are coded 1-10). Regardless of lme4 syntax for nested vs. crossed, uniquely coded G1 labels will produce the output of a nested model.

On the other hand, a crossed model output can be obtained if the proper syntax is used [(1 | G1) + (1 | G2)] AND the G1 labels are symmetrical across the different values of G2 (e.g., 1-5 for G2=0; 1-5 for G2=1).

What about the situation when a cross-classified model is desired, but there are 3 or more grouping variables? How is it possible to have the G1 labels be symmetrical/non-unique across all values of G2 and G3 at the same time?

Benmind
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1 Answers1

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Have a look at the corresponding section for nested versus crossed random effects in the GLMM-FAQ. In the manner lme4 is programmed it is best practice to code the nested levels uniquely. In this manner, the corresponding model-fitting functions in the package will work correctly either you have a nested or crossed design.

Dimitris Rizopoulos
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