I was trying to help a student with stats homework, but an example given in class has me a bit confused.
Background, to my understanding: A linear model is given to be one where $E[Y] = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X$. So for example, the model $E[Y] = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X^2$ can be framed as a linear model with the change of variable $X' = X^2$. Or $E[Y] = \exp{\beta_0 + \beta_1 X_1}$ with the change of variable $Y' = \ln{Y}$.
So then we get to the model $E[Y]=\beta_0 + \beta_1 X_1 + \beta_2 X_1^2 + \beta_3 X_1^3$. The professor says that, no problem, we can just substitute $R = X^2$ and $S = X^3$, and get $E[Y] = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X + \beta_2 R + \beta_3 S$, and we have a multiple linear regression with three variables.
It seems ridiculous to me to just hide non-linear terms this way and call them new variables. So ridiculous I'm having a hard time even finding the right foothold to criticize it. Could someone either explain why I'm wrong or help articulate my objection a bit more clearly?