I'm not sure if this technique has a name.
I've recently learned that some people perform a two-step regression where, in the second step, they regress the residuals from the first step on some new variables. So, starting with a standard OLS:
$y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 x_1 + ... + \beta_m x_m + e$
We could now use the residuals $e$ as a dependent variable regressed on one or more new independent variables:
$e = \alpha_0 + \alpha_1 z_1 + ... + \alpha_n z_n + u$
I believe the goal here is to somehow control for $x$ in regressing on $z$, but I don't understand the benefit of this over a single regression of $y$ on $x$ and $z$ simultaneously.
When is this two-step procedure preferable to a single regression equation?