I am running a mixed-effects model in R and I want to have random intercepts for two sampling levels, country
and site
. The variable site
is perfectly nested within the level country
. So, is it necessary to model a separate term for the random intercept of country
, or will simply modeling the error for site
be suitable?
I.e., would the model
lmer(outcome ~ predictor + (1|country) + (1|site))
have any benefit over the model
lmer(outcome ~ predictor + (1|site))