My simple experiment:
Two equally-sized patches of the night sky are observed:
Patch A contains $100$ stars
Patch B contains $110$ stars
My null hypothesis is that stars are randomly distributed in the sky. The random distribution means that there will be some natural variation from patch to patch.
My question:
- How is the p-value (or at the very least, a test statistic) calculated for rejecting the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the two patches of sky?
