Resources for learning to create data visualizations?

Question

I'm interested in learning how to create the type of visualizations you see at http://flowingdata.com and informationisbeautiful. EDIT: Meaning, visualizations that are interesting in of themselves -- kinda like the NY Times graphics, as opposed to a quick something for a report.

What kinds of tools are used to create these -- is it mostly a lot of Adobe Illustrator/Photoshop? What are good resources (books, websites, etc.) to learn how to use these tools for data visualization in particular?

I know what I want visualizations to look like (and I'm familiar with design principles, e.g., from Tufte's books), but I have no idea how to create them.

Answer 1

Flowing data regularly discusses the tools that he uses. See, for instance:

• 40 Essential Tools and Resources to Visualize Data
• What Visualization Tool/Software Should You Use? – Getting Started

He also shows in great detail how he makes graphics on occasion, such as:

• How to Make a US County Thematic Map Using Free Tools
• How to Make a Graph in Adobe Illustrator
• How to Make a Heatmap – a Quick and Easy Solution

There are also other questions on this site:

• Recommended visualization libraries for standalone applications
• Web visualization libraries

IMO, try:

1. R and ggplot2: this is a good introductory video, but the ggplot2 website has lots of resources.
2. Processing: plenty of good tutorials on the homepage.
3. Protovis: also a plethora of great examples on the homepage.

You can use Adobe afterwards to clean these up.

You can also look at the R webvis package, although it isn't as complete as ggplot2. From R, you can run this command to see the Playfair's Wheat example:

install.packages("webvis")
library(webvis)
demo("playfairs.wheat")

Lastly, my favorite commercial applications for interactive visualization are:

• Tableau
• Spotfire
• Qlikview

Answer 2

Already mentioned processing has a nice set of books available. See: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

You will find lots of stuff on the web to help you start with R. As next step then ggplot2 has excellent web documentation. I also found Hadley's book very helpful.

Python might be another way to go. Especially with tools like:

• matplotlib
• NetworkX
• igraph
• Chaco
• Mayavi

All projects are well documented on the web. You might also consider peeking into some books.

Lastly, Graphics of Large Datasets book could be also some help.

Answer 3

You'll spend a lot of time getting up to speed with R.

RapidMiner is free and open source and graphical, and has plenty of good visualizations, and you can export them.

If you have money to spare, or are a university staff/student then JMP is also very freaking nice. It can make some very pretty graphs, very very easily. Can export to flash or PNG or PDF or what have you.

Answer 4

Many excellent answers have been given here, and the languages/libraries you choose to learn will be dependent on the type of visualization you would like to do.

However, if you use Python regularly then I highly recommend seaborn. It is very sophisticated when it comes to statistical data visualization, but also looks quite sophisticated from a presentation standpoint.

Let's take an example. Suppose you are trying to plot electricity consumption for a commercial building by month. A simple line graph could be generated in matplotlib for this purpose.

However, if we wanted to make the visualization more sophisticated and informative, we could generate a heatmap with seaborn:

A heatmap is just one example. Some other common uses with seaborn include:

• KDE plots
• Swarm plots
• Violin plots

The idea behind seaborn is to present data in a more intuitive way than would be possible by using simpler charts, e.g. line, bar, pie, etc.

If it is of interest to you - you can find more information on seaborn here: https://seaborn.pydata.org/

Answer 5

Another good alternative is the protovis library http://vis.stanford.edu/protovis/

It is a very well crafted JavaScript library that can create some beautiful visualizations if you have the time and ability to write the modest amount of JavaScript code needed.

I also highly recommend Tableau http://www.tableausoftware.com. It is great for rapidly exploring data sets and creating many different visualizations.

Both products have roots at the Stanford Visualization Group.

Answer 6

Here is a good set of links with resources for starting to learn:

• http://blog.cartodb.com/learning-data-visualization

Answer 7

Here's a YouTube tutorial on D3.js that teaches the basics of HTML, SVG, CSS and JavaScript, as well as how to load data and create a bar chart, line chart, and scatter plot with D3.js.

Answer 8

R is great, but it is not that R is difficult to learn it's that the documentation is impossible to search for any other name like Rq would be great. So when you got a problem, searching for a solution is a nightmare, and the documentation is not great either. Matlab or Octave will be great. And to get those plots in R or Matlab would be very very tedious.

IMHO post processing visuals is the best route. A lot of them from flowing data are put through Adobe Illustrator or Gimp. It is faster. Once you get the structure of the plot, then change details in an editor. Using R as an editor does not give you the flexibility you want. You will find yourself searching for new packages all the time.

Answer 9

here's a practical resource to get you started with d3. It includes a demo code and a step-by-step example on how to load, organize and visualize a dataset in d3.

https://www.edx.org/course/web-app-development-with-the-power-of-nodejs

Answer 10

There are infinite resources, but you can narrow them down based on how you want your data to be transformed, how many data sources you're dealing with, how they need to be shared, etc.

Here's a guide on how to pick the right resource that might help point you in the right direction.