If the sample was $S_1=\{1,2,3,4\} \subset \mathbb R $ the median is 2.5 because 50% of the sample is $>=$ 2.5 and 50% of the sample is $<=$ 2.5. The median obviously does not need to be element of the sample, since 2.5 $\notin S_1$.
Assume the sample of ordinal school grades is $S_2 = \{A,A,B,B\}$ with $A$ better than $B$. What is the median?
- $A$?
- $B$?
- $A$ or $B$?
- $A$ and $B$?
- The median is not defined?
For calculating the median of $S_2$ there is other letter $\notin S_2$ to be chosen from. Only $A$ and $B$ are potential candidates.
Can we conclude that the median is actually a not well-defined function?