I was doing a question where I have to prove that $Z[\sqrt{-5}]$ is not a UFD.
There I was proving that factors of $9=(2+\sqrt{-5})(2-\sqrt{-5})$ are not reducible for that I have to define a norm such that if $f(a+b\sqrt{-5})=a^2+5b^2$
So, My question is:-Is it really necessary to define a norm?
Because a UFD can't be a ED always.