This is 図々しく+は+成れなかった. And it has to be the contrastive は. It can't be a topic marking は. That's why you are likely to see が, けど, ものの, ところが, も, しても, でも, etc. tucked somewhere in the sentence. When you don't see any of these words, the contrast is implied and there are things left out.
奥に一番良いソファー席があったが、学生服で陣取るほどに図々しくはなれなかった。(source)
ところが、お雪には、それほど図々しくはなれなかったのです。 (source)
For implied contrast, see this discussion.
〜くはない vs 〜くない in adjective negations
図々しくなった is also very common.
随分図々しくなったな、お前は
I see you've really gotten shameless (in your mannerism/words)
人間関係に関するスタンスは近いものがありそうだけど、それでも綾瀬さんと自分が同じ世界の住人だと吹聴できるほど図々しくはなれなかった。
Although there did seem to be certain aspects in our relationship that could be (objectively) described as close, I couldn't bring myself to do something as brazen as claiming that 綾瀬さん and I belonged to the same world.