働かざるものなんとやらってか。
=
『働かざるものなんとやら』ってか。
First, 「なんとやら」 means the same thing as 「なんとか」.
I explained the use of the replacement 「なんとか」 here:
would 「なんとか」 be an acceptable replacement for "something"?
Just like the two examples I gave at the end of that Q&A, 「なんとやら」 here is replacing the 「食{く}うべかざる」 part of the famous saying 「働{はたら}かざる者食うべからず」("He who does not work, neither shall he eat.")
「ってか」 is a colloquial way of saying 「~~ということか」. The 「と/って」 is the quotative particle.
「~~~ってか。」, therefore, means "Are you implying to say ~~~?", "~~~, you mean?"