Methinks this thing is a virus. It's not a notification that stock Android would ever issue. I had the same problem a while back whilst still using a Pixel 3, not jailbroken. This was before Google stopped issuing security updates; I was running Android 12, Build number SP1A.210812.016.C2.
Every Saturday at 17:00, I'd get the same pop-up message that you did (see pic). I never installed the "update" of course; tapping outside the pop-up screen made it disappear for another week - But it continued to reappear every Saturday at 17:00 (I'm in the Eastern USA time zone).
When I upgraded to a Pixel 5a (which I'm still using) I chose to not copy everything from the Pixel 3; It was a pain, but I just manually installed all the apps I wanted. Then, I did a factory reset on the old Pixel 3, re-installed Android 12 via the standard System interface, and the pop-up never reappeared.
I have no idea how this thing got on my phone, if in fact it is a virus. Possibly steganography attack via an image file? In any event, I humbly recommend that you start fresh with a new phone or wipe the one you're using and start over. Good luck...
