AFRINIC

African Network Information Centre
AbbreviationAfrican Network Information Centre (AFRINIC)
Formation11 October 2004
TypeNot for Profit
FocusAllocation and registration of IP address space
HeadquartersEbene, Mauritius
Location
  • Mauritius
ServicesInternet Number Resources Management (ASNs, IPv6 and IPv4)
Official language
English and French
Chairman of Board of Directors
(vacant)
Vice-Chairman of Board of Directors
(vacant)
Chief Executive Officer
(vacant)[1]
AffiliationsIANA, ICANN, ASO, NRO
Staff50+
Websitewww.afrinic.net

AFRINIC (African Network Information Centre) is the regional Internet registry (RIR) for Africa and part of the Indian Ocean, responsible for allocating and registering Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in its service region. It also provides related technical and administrative services that support the Internet in Africa. Established in 2005, with headquarters in Ebene, Mauritius, AFRINIC is one of five regional Internet registries that coordinate a fundamental part of the technical infrastructure of the Internet.[2][3]

AFRINIC is a not-for-profit organization with about 2,400 members across 54 countries.[4][5] Members include Internet service providers, Internet exchange points, governments, academic institutions, and other organizations and businesses that operate networks. AFRINIC allocates IP address space to members, maintains registration databases, develops policies in consultation with community members, and provides technical training for network operators. AFRINIC charges members an annual membership fee to cover administrative costs.

AFRINIC has had significant organizational and legal problems. In 2019, a news website exposed that an AFRINIC staff member had modified the registration information for 4.1 million IP addresses to sell them on the grey market. In 2020, AFRINIC and a member company, Cloud Innovation Ltd, began a series of legal disputes related to IP address allocation. Cloud Innovation's lawsuits resulted in frozen assets, many injunctions, and eventually the dissolution of the AFRINIC board of directors by the Supreme Court of Mauritius in 2022. AFRINIC has operated under court-appointed receivership since 2023. In June 2025, the receiver tried to conduct a board election, but halted the election due to concerns about election integrity.

Operations and programs

Internet numbers

As a regional Internet registry, AFRINIC is responsible for the allocation and registration of Internet numbers, including IP addresses and autonomous system (AS) numbers, for network operators in its service region, which includes Africa and part of the Indian Ocean.[6] Like other RIRs, AFRINIC manages IPv4 addresses, which are widely-supported but relatively scarce (see IPv4 address exhaustion), along with IPv6 addresses, which are newer and plentiful but not supported by all systems.

In 2025, staff reported that 720 members had adopted Resource Public Key Infrastructure, 1,767 members used AFRINIC's Internet Routing Registry, and they had 11,216 Route Origin Authorizations.[7]

WHOIS database

The AFRINIC WHOIS database contains registration details of IP addresses and AS numbers originally allocated by AFRINIC.[8] It shows the organizations that hold the resources, where the allocations were made, and contact details for the networks. The organizations that hold those resources are responsible for updating their information in the database. The database can be searched by using the web interface on the AFRINIC site or by directing a whois client to whois.afrinic.net (for example, whois -h whois.afrinic.net 196.1.0.0/24).

Policy development

Public policy meeting in 2013 in Abidjan, Ivory Coast

AFRINIC's policies are developed by the membership and broader Internet community. The major media for policy development are the face-to-face public policy meetings and mailing list discussions.[9][10] Each year, AFRINIC conducts two public policy meetings. These give the community the chance to come together for policy development, information sharing, and networking. The first public policy meeting of each year is part of the Africa Internet Summit, which is an annual multi-stakeholder event co-organized by the African Network Operators Group,[11] and the second is held as a standalone meeting. The meetings are held in various locations throughout Africa.

Trainings

AFRINIC conducts training courses for network administrators, network architects, and other network engineers across its service region, as part of its capacity building initiatives.[12][13] Workshops include Internet number resource management and implementation of IPv6 networks.[14] AFRINIC also offers online training courses.[12] These courses are designed to educate participants to proficiently configure, manage, and administer their Internet services and infrastructure, and to embrace current best practices.

Organization

In compliance with ICANN's ICP-2 criteria for regional Internet registries, AFRINIC is a non-profit, non-governmental, community-led entity, without formal backing from government authorities or politicians.[15][16]

Service region

Map of regional Internet registries, showing AFRINIC's service region

AFRINIC's service region is divided into six sub-regions for statistic gathering purposes and for board of directors elections to ensure regional representation.[17] AFRINIC's service region includes several islands in the Atlantic Ocean, which are listed in the Western or Central African regions.[17]

Board of directors

The AFRINIC bylaws prescribe a nine-member board of directors.[18] Six directors are elected to represent the six sub-regions, and two directors are elected based on competency.[18] The last seat on the board is filled by the chief executive officer.[18]

Elections are held at each AFRINIC annual general member meeting, normally in May or June.[18] Voting takes place on-site at the meeting and prior to the meeting via online voting.[19] The elected members of the board serve three-year terms.[20]

Council of Elders

The AFRINIC Council of Elders consists of up to six former AFRINIC chairpersons.[18] They serve an advisory role, providing their experience leading the organization as former chairs.[18] The council is not elected by members.[21] In 2023, the members of the AFRINIC Council of Elders were Dr. Nii N. Quaynor, Mr. Pierre S. Dandjinou, Dr. Viv Padayatchy, Mrs. Maimouna Ndeye Diop Diagne, and Dr. Christian Bope.[22]

Staff

AFRINIC staff carry out the daily operations of the organization. The staff is structured in departments: CEO's Office, Finance and Accounting, People and Productivity, Capacity Building, Communications and Public Relations, Infrastructure and Security, Member Services, Registry Products, Stakeholder Development, and Value Added Services.[23] These divisions encompass all AFRINIC activities, including that of acting as a central source of information for members.

AFRINIC's open policy development process also invites stakeholders interested in Internet number resources from around the world, primarily from the African region, to participate. These include representatives from governments, regulators, educators, media, the technical community, civil society, and other not-for-profit organizations.

Members

Members include Internet service providers, Internet exchange points, governmental organizations, and academic institutions. Membership is open to individuals, companies, body corporates, registered organizations, unincorporated associations, governmental organizations and intergovernmental organizations or non-governmental organization.

History

Adiel Akplogan, CEO of AFRINIC from 2004 to 2015,[24] at Internet Hall of Fame ceremony in 2019

Formation

Before AFRINIC was formed, IP addresses (IPv6 and IPv4) for Africa were distributed by the Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC), the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN), and the RIPE NCC. ICANN provisionally recognized AFRINIC in October 2004.[25] The registry became operational in February 2005.[16] ICANN gave it final recognition in April 2005.[15]

IPv4 exhaustion

In April 2017, AFRINIC became the last regional Internet registry to run down to its last /8 block of IPv4 addresses (102/8), thus triggering the final phase of its IPv4 exhaustion policy. As a result, AFRINIC then implemented a soft landing policy for allocating the last /8 to its users, in which, since Phase 2 of the exhaustion period (started in January 2020[26]), each AFRINIC customer was eligible for one final maximum allocation of a /22 block of IPv4 addresses until the block was exhausted.[27] In 2025, staff said that about 0.06% of their /8 IPv4 addresses remain available, about 1 million addresses.[7]

Sexual harassment and bullying complaint

In March 2018, the RIR's head of external relations, Vymala Poligadu, alleged that the board chair, vice chair, and head of the financial department had been plotting to get her fired from her position.[28] She also alleged that one of the staff had been sexually harassed by board chair Sunday Folayan.[28] An internal report detailing Poligadu's accusations was then leaked onto the organization's discussion mailing list by an anonymous poster, writing in response to a complaint by another member about high staff turnover.[28] An independent Investigation Committee found evidence of one incident of harassment but not "bullying or intimidation".[28][29] It also found that Folayan breached his non-disclosure agreement.[28][29] Folayan and the vice-chair resigned from their positions.[28] Many members were critical of the Investigation Committee findings and the board's handling of the allegations.[21]

Theft of IP address space

Starting as early as 2013, AFRINIC IP addresses had been misused to forward spam.[30][31] In 2016 and 2017, independent researcher Ronald Guilmette notified AFRINIC of suspicious patterns of activity related to AFRINIC IPs.[32][31]

In April 2019, South African technology news website MyBroadband worked with Guilmette to report that an AFRINIC senior staff member, Ernest Byaruhanga, had stolen and sold a large number of IP address blocks, initially estimated as worth US$54,000,000, over the past several years.[33] The IP address blocks had already been reserved by legitimate companies and organizations, although some of the companies were inactive and many of the IPs may have been unused before they were taken.[16][32] In total, 4.1 million IP addresses were stolen.[34][35] 2.3 million came from AFRINIC's "free pool" and a further 1.7 million were "legacy" IP addresses.[34] Many of the stolen addresses were used to host gambling and pornography websites aimed at people in China.[36]

In July 2019, CEO Alan Barrett resigned from his role.[37] Eddy Kayihura became CEO in October 2019.[38]

In December 2019, Kayihura dismissed Byaruhanga from the organization for theft of IP address space.[39] AFRINIC also filed criminal charges against Byaruhanga.[40][41] Between January and July 2020, AFRINIC worked to reclaim stolen IP address blocks, correct WHOIS records, and improve internal security measures.[35][41][42]

In August 2020, AFRINIC said that Afri Holdings Ltd, Netstyle A. Ltd, and Elad Cohen applied for an injunction against AFRINIC.[43][35] MyBroadBand reported that Cohen was connected to misappropriated IP address space.[44] In early 2021, Logic Web Inc initiated legal action against AFRINIC after AFRINIC reclaimed IP address space from the company.[45]

In June 2020, AFRINIC notified Cloud Innovation, a company registered in Seychelles and led by Hong Kong-based businessman Lu Heng, that the company had breached its Registration Service Agreement with AFRINIC.[46] The concern was unrelated to Byaruhanga's theft of IP addresses.[36] AFRINIC alleged that Cloud Innovation had broken their registration agreement in multiple ways, including by leasing IPv4 addresses to entities outside of the AFRINIC service region.[46][47] Cloud Innovation's business partner, Larus Limited, a company based in Hong Kong also owned by Lu, leases IP addresses to customers such as China Telecom and China Mobile.[36][47][48] Cloud Innovation contested the complaint on multiple grounds and said it had not broken any rules.[46][36] AFRINIC responded in March 2021 with related requests, and Cloud Innovation rejected the requests.[46]

In early July 2021, AFRINIC froze 6.2 million IP addresses it had assigned to Cloud Innovation between 2013 and 2016.[36][49][46] Cloud Innovation sued AFRINIC to remove the restrictions on its IP address space and sought US$80,000,000 in damages for defamation.[36][46] The Supreme Court of Mauritius ordered the provisional freezing of up to US$50,000,000 in AFRINIC bank accounts.[36][46] Since AFRINIC had less than US$50,000,000 in its accounts, all of its assets were frozen.[50] On 15 July 2021, due to a court order, AFRINIC restored Cloud Innovation's IP address blocks.[51] However, AFRINIC bank assets remained frozen until 15 October 2021, when the Mauritius High Court granted the removal of the freezing order.[52] Cloud Innovation filed several additional lawsuits related to organizational operations.[3]

Lobbying

In addition to Cloud Innovation, Lu is associated with the Number Resource Society (NRS), a lobbying group established in 2021 that has extensively criticized AFRINIC in online publications and videos.[53][47] NRS has advocated for changing the entire regional Internet registry system to a market-based system that allows private ownership and unrestricted sales of IP address space.[47] Lu has also financed the website Blue Tech Wave Media (BTW Media), which has argued for private ownership of IP addresses, criticized ICANN, and made claims about AFRINIC elections.[54]

Dissolution of the board

In early June 2022, AFRINIC's annual board election process involved several disputes and lawsuits, resulting in almost half the board seats becoming vacant and staying vacant.[55][50] Cloud Innovation and Crystal Web, a former Internet service provider in South Africa that leases out IP address space through one of Lu's companies,[50] filed lawsuits that blocked procedural aspects of the election process.[50][56] On 30 June 2022, the Supreme Court of Mauritius ruled that AFRINIC's board of directors was invalid, because the CEO had continued to run AFRINIC without a quorum.[55] The court dissolved the board.[55]

In July 2022, the Number Resource Organization (an organization of the five regional Internet registries) sent a letter to the Mauritius government that described Cloud Innovation's 25 lawsuits against AFRINIC as "an attempt to cause irreparable harm to the core functions of AFRINIC", said "it would be very unfortunate for the African regional community if the above situation proves that the designation of Mauritius as the place to locate AFRINIC has been wrong", and asked the government to recognize AFRINIC as an international organization.[57][53] The chair of the RIPE Address Policy Working Group criticized the letter for not respecting Mauritius self-governance.[53]

AFRINIC requested the Supreme Court of Mauritius to dismiss Cloud Innovation's lawsuits as vexatious, but in August 2022, the court ruled against the dismissal and allowed the lawsuits to continue.[55] The judge concluded that the lawsuits were caused by the registry's "determination... to terminate (the plaintiff's) membership" and did not find evidence that the lawsuits were vexatious.[55]

The CEO's contract expired in November 2022 and could not be renewed due to the lack of a functioning board.[58][1] Since 2022, without a CEO or board, the staff have continued to conduct basic operations, but the organization has come close to not being able to pay staff.[58] In April 2023, some companies said their applications for address allocations were not getting processed in a timely manner.[59] John Curran, CEO of the American Registry for Internet Numbers, said AFRINIC's lack of formal leadership also made it difficult for the staff to respond to lawsuits.[58]

Receivership

In March 2023, Cloud Innovation petitioned the court to place AFRINIC into receivership, and the court ruled in agreement in September 2023.[50][56] A former director of AFRINIC appealed the decision, but the court dismissed the appeal in October 2024.[56]

Prompted by AFRINIC's problems and risks, in 2024 and 2025 the Number Resource Organization revisited the criteria and guidance for regional Internet registries (ICP-2).[60][59]

In May 2023, AFRINIC said the Number Resource Society (affiliated with Lu) had given AFRINIC members misleading information about an upcoming AFRINIC board election, despite no election being planned in 2023.[61] In 2024, an AFRINIC member alleged that a person who worked for Lu offered to pay for access to his AFRINIC account to enable using it to vote in future board elections.[56] NRS endorsed Lu and people who work for him as candidates for the February 2023 APNIC board election.[58] One of the nominees breached the APNIC code of conduct,[62] and none of them won.[63] After the election, APNIC reformed its bylaws to limit companies and other entities to nominating one candidate each.[64]

In 2024, Lu successfully sued The Daily Telegraph for libel for an article they published about the dispute between Cloud Innovation and AFRINIC.[65] In April 2025, Lu sued The Cape Independent, a website in South Africa, after it published an article that was critical of Lu and said he was trying to take control of AFRINIC.[66][63] Both articles were taken down.[63] Lu also filed defamation lawsuits against Noah Maina, Secretary General of the Tanzania Internet Service Providers Association, and Brian Longwe, a company founder, who have spoken about AFRINIC board election processes.[63] In July 2025, Cloud Innovation sent cease and desist letters to people who posted links to a Medium article about Cloud Innovation and AFRINIC, which included a summary of Cloud Innovation's history of chilling speech by making legal threats; the letters threatened to sue the people for defamation unless they deleted the links.[67]

Effort to reconstitute the board

The court ordered the receiver to conduct a board election in 2025, and the receiver appointed United Kingdom-based barristers to chair a nomination committee.[68] Industry bodies that endorsed candidates for the election included Smart Africa, the South African Network Operators Group, and the Internet Service Providers' Association of South Africa (which all endorsed a similar slate of candidates), along with the Number Resource Society.[69] ICANN filed a request with the receiver and the court to address potential conflict of interests on the nominating committee, among other concerns about election integrity, and the receiver responded with clarifications.[70]

The receiver conducted online voting starting on 18 June 2025 and in-person voting on 23 June 2025.[71] However, the receiver suspended voting near the end of the day on 23 June due to questions about the validity of some votes.[4] Several members who tried to vote in person said they found somebody else had already cast their vote without their permission, using fraudulent powers of attorney.[4] Members also alleged the distribution of fraudulent proxy votes and expressed concerns about lack of transparency for the receiver's ballot-counting process.[72] The Mauritius Digital Promotion Agency and Emtel filed complaints with the police on 24 June 2025 about irregularities in the board election.[72][5] On 26 June 2025, the receiver annulled the election and said it planned to ask the court for permission to conduct a new election.[4][5]

On 3 July 2025, ICANN sent a letter to the receiver that said ICANN policies allow it to appoint an emergency replacement to AFRINIC if necessary.[71] Separately, Cloud Innovation filed a lawsuit for the compulsory liquidation of AFRINIC: a petition to the court to dissolve the organization.[54][71] On 16 July 2025, ICANN sent another letter to the receiver that emphasized that IP addresses are not private assets, described the importance of the regional governance model, disagreed with Cloud Innovation's effort to dissolve AFRINIC, and recommended reforms for AFRINIC.[73]

See also

References

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